Read The White Writing (White Lines)!
WHY ARE ALMOST ALL VIOLENT CRIMINALS MENS?
...
Among the many cultural universals is the fact that men in every human society commit an overwhelming majority of all crimes and acts of violence. Why is this? Why are men so much more criminal and violent than women?
In their comprehensive study of homicide, the leading evolutionary psychologists Martin Daly and Margo Wilson note that humans throughout their evolutionary history were effectively polygynous - many married men had multiple wives. (See "Why [and How] Are Contemporary Westerners Polygynous?" in chapter 4.) In a polygynous society, some males monopolize reproductive access to all females while other males are left out; in such a society, some males do not get to reproduce at all, while almost all females do. (Recall our discussion of sex differences in variance in chapter 2. The distance between the "winners" and "losers" in the reproductive game is much greater among men than among women.) The inequality of reproductive success between males and females makes males highly competitive in their effort not to be left out of the reproductive game. This competition among men leads to a high level of violence (murder, assault, and battery) among them, and the large number of homicides between men (compared to the number of homicides between women, or between the sexes) is a direct result of this male competition for mates.
BIG VIOLENCE STARTS SMALL
In particular, Daly and Wilson note that most homicides between men originate from what is known as "trivial altercations." A typical homicide in real life is not one depicted in an episode of Columbo: premeditated, well planned, and nearly perfectly executed by an intelligent murderer. Instead, it begins as a fight about trivial matters of honor, status, and reputation between men (such as when one man insults another or makes moves on another's girlfriend). Fights escalate because neither is willing to back down, until they become violent and one of the men ends up dead. Because women prefer to mate with men of high status and good reputation, a man's status and reputation directly correlates with his reproductive success. Men are therefore highly motivated (albeit unconsciously) to protect their honor, and often go to extreme lengths to do so. Daly and Wilson thus explain homicides between men in terms of their (largely unconscious) desire to protect their status and reputation in their attempt to gain reproductive access to women.
Incidentally, this is why many evolutionary psychologists believe that the death penalty does not deter murder. The logic of the death penalty assumes that most murders are premeditated. A potential murderer carefully and rationally weighs the costs and benefits of the act, and decides not to murder if the costs outweigh the benefits. This might describe a fictional murder on Columbo, but not real-life murderers, who do not stop to think before escalating their trivial altercations into fatal fights.
The logic of the death penalty also assumes that execution is the worse fate possible. From the evolutionary psychological perspective, there is something worse than death, which is the total reproductive failure that awaits any man who does not compete for mates in a polygynous society. If they compete and fight with other men, they may die (by being either killed by the other man or executed by the state); if they don't compete, however, they will definitely die, reproductively, by leaving no copies of their genes.
Rape may appear to be an exception to this reasoning because, unlike murders and assaults, the victims of rape are usually women, and there is therefore no male competition for status and reputation. However, the same psychological mechanism that compels men to gain reproductive access to women by competing with each other can also motivate men to commit rape. Predatory rapists are overwhelmingly men of lower class and status, who have very dim prospects of gaining legitimate reproductive access to women. While it is not a manifestation of competition and violence, rape may be motivated by men's psychological mechanisms that urge them to gain reproductive access to women when they do not have the legitimate means to do so.
We can also extend the same analysis to property crime. If women prefer to mate with men with more resources, then men can increase their reproductive prospects by acquiring material resources. Resources in traditional societies, however, tend to be concentrated in the hands of older men; younger men are often excluded from attaining them through legitimate means and must therefore resort to illegitimate means. One method of doing so is to appropriate someone else's resources by stealing them. So the same psychological mechanism that motivates violent crime can also motivate property crimes.
CRIMES EVOLVED BEFORE NORMS AGAINST THEM
Our suggestion that men steal in order to attract women might at first glance appear strange, since theft and other forms of resource extortion are universally condemned in human societies; in fact, such condemnation is another cultural universal. It is quite possible, however, that the psychological mechanism that motivates young males to commit violent and property crimes evolved in our ancestors in evolutionary history before the ape-human split (five to eight million years ago), even before the ape-monkey split (fifteen to twenty million years ago). In fact, our reasoning logically requires that the crucial psychological mechanisms emerge before the informal norms against violence and theft do; otherwise, violent competition and accumulation of resources through theft would not lead to higher status and reproductive success for males because they would be ostracized for violating the norms. We believe that the norms against violence and theft might have evolved in reaction to the psychological mechanisms that compelled young males to engage in violence and theft. The fact that violent and predatory acts that humans would classify as criminal are quite common among nonhuman species that do not have informal norms against such acts increases our confidence in this suggestion.
These are some of the reasons why men are more violent and criminal. Crime and violence pay in reproductive terms, by allowing men to eliminate or intimidate their rivals and to accumulate resources to attract mates when they lack legitimate means to acquire such resources...
Why Beautiful People Have More Daughters: From Dating, Shopping, and Praying to Going to War and Becoming a Billionaire. Kanazawa, Miller, p. 120-124.
Hey NIGGERS And Other Lower Class, Impoverished People (Including Samoans And Tongans), Read The 12 Pages Below (12 Gauge Shotty), Particularly Pages 94-99 And Especially Page 95. They'll Explain Why You Fight And Kill One Another Over Meaninglessness, Give Birth To Children As Teenagers*, And Die In Your 40s And 50s In Addition To Explaining Why You Get Caught Up In Conspicuous Consumption** Arms Races (Well, You Have To Read Into It A Bit To Get This Latter Part (The "Conspicuous Consumption Arm Races" Part), But The Answer Is STATUS).* https://twitter.com/jaeeelove
Another BEANER TEENER*** Mom. This One Threw Herself At A Nigga With A Little Name, A Little Fame, And A Little Game (A Fairy Tale Future) With The Intentions Of Getting Pregnant By Him So That She'd Have A Chance To Get Out Of The Barrio! And Guess What? It Worked. The Dumb Nigga Impregnated Her Beaner Ass. Their Relationship Will End In About A Year Or So. (Neither Of Them Think Long Term. The Beaner Is Just Trying To Ride The Niggas Coattails Out Of The Barrio And The Nigga Is Just Trying To Have A Child (Pass On His Genes) Before His Basketball Fame And Future Comes To An End Because Once That Comes To An End His Reproductive Potential Will Come Close To An End As Well!)
**http://instagram.com/p/gZy4SmGto2/ Ghetto Fabulous. They Think They're Rich, But They're Really Nigga Rich. By Their 40s They'll Have Lost Most Of What They Have And Be Nearing Death.
***YOU EVER HEARD A WHITE BOY CALL A BASKETBALL PLAYER A TWEENER? I THINK THAT MEANS THAT THAT PLAYERS IN BETWEEN CERTAIN HEIGHTS OR IN BETWEEN CERTAIN POSITIONS (LIKE, HE'S TOO SHORT TO BE A FORWARD, BUT NOT SKILLED ENOUGH TO BE A GUARD OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT). ANYWAY, THAT'S SUCH A CORNY WHITE WORD. WHENEVER I'D HEAR SOMEONE SAY THAT I'D THINK TO MYSELF "YOU'RE A CORNY NON-ATHLETE WHO I'D WORK ON THE HOOP COURT AND WHO'D THE TWEENER BEING SPOKEN OF WOULD WORK ON THE HOOP COURT. NOW, RUN ALONG AND READ SOME MORE CAL-HI SPORTS AND STREET AND SMITH, WHITEY." (RIEKWALD) MOLLY
"LIFE'S TOO SHORT NOT TO FUCK ON THE 1ST DATE!" - T.C. (Town And Country)
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| Them Guidos Keep It In The Family Man. Have A Gander http://www.spokesmanreview.com/news-story.asp?date=082803&ID=s1401433 |
"the major trigger of young male homicides is what’s called a 'trivial altercation.' Young men kill other men who put them down in public. For young guys, being respectful toward other young men is probably even more important than a healthy diet"
"U 'BOUT TA DIE OVER A LIL BIT UH NOTHIN'" - B's Friend
"You Know How Niggaz Be Trippin' Over Bitchez They Go With...Killin' A Nigga Over A Bitch Is Against My Religion!" - Lil C.S. Lewis (Anti-Religious)
YOU LOWER CLASS NIGGERS, BEANERS, SPICS, FLIPS, POLYHOGS (FAT ASS POLYNESIANS), ETC. HAVE HIGH TIME PREFERENCE BECAUSE YOUR ANCESTORS EVOLVED TO HAVE HIGH TIME PREFERENCE AND YOU COME FROM AN ENVIRONMENT (THE IMPOVERISHED, INNER CITY, DEVOID OF OPPORTUNITY) THAT INCLINES YOU TO EXPRESS THESE HIGH TIME PREFERENCE GENES AND LIVE A FAST LIFE. YOU UNCONSCIOUSLY ASSESS YOUR ENVIRONMENT (SITUATION), UNCONSCIOUSLY REASON THAT THERE ARE MANY THREATS TO YOUR HEALTH AND LIFE, UNCONSCIOUSLY REASON THAT YOU HAVE LIMITED OPPORTUNITIES TO ATTAIN WEALTH AND STATUS THE CONVENTIONAL WAY (HIGHER EDUCATION, PRESTIGIOUS JOB) AND UNCONSCIOUSLY REASON THAT YOU'RE GOING TO DIE EARLY, SO YOU ENGAGE IN BEHAVIOR THAT WILL MAXIMIZE YOUR SUCCESS UNDER THESE CONDITIONS. AND THIS BEHAVIOR IS TYPICALLY RISK-TAKING, LIFE-THREATENING, AND SHORT-SIGHTED (YOU'RE NOT PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE). WHY? BECAUSE YOU UNCONSCIOUSLY FIGURE THAT YOU'VE GOT TO DO EVERYTHING YOU CAN IN THE HERE AND NOW TO GAIN STATUS AND WEALTH SO THAT YOU CAN ATTRACT A FEMALE(S) AND REPRODUCE* BEFORE YOU DIE AT A YOUNG AGE (YOU'VE GOT TO WIN IT ALL RIGHT NOW BEFORE IT'S ALL OVER). I FEEL SORRY FOR YOU ALL. YOU WERE BORN WITH POOR GENES AND THEN BORN IN A POOR ENVIRONMENT THAT EXACERBATES THESE POOR GENES, WHICH ULTIMATELY LEADS TO YOUR POOR LIFE OUTCOME AND EARLY DEATH. YOUR PARENTS SHOULD HAVE NEVER HAD YOUR POOR SELVES.
*THE DRIVE TO ATTAIN STATUS AND WEALTH ARE DIRECTLY AND ULTIMATELY LINKED TO THE DRIVE TO REPRODUCE (PASS ON YOUR GENES). YOU'RE TRYING TO ACQUIRE STATUS AND WEALTH SO THAT YOU CAN ATTRACT MATES AND HAVE SEX WITH THEM.
"Get Kilt In Front Of Ayebody!" - Sugar
Moreover, indignation is a more potent weapon when it is put on public display. Ask any mafia don or gang leader - the more dramatic and public your show of outrage, the less likely you are to be "shown disrespect" in the future. You may be killed the following week, or you may spend the rest of your life in prison, but so the primitive thinking goes, you will not be "dissed." In a violent culture such as the mob, minor infractions are repaid, perhaps, by cutting off a thumb; serious betrayal leads to being "whacked." The psychologists Margo Wilson and Martin Daly report that in human societies in general, when males kill males they know, they most often do so in front of an audience. What this rash behavior lacks in terms of plausible deniability, it makes up for in terms of evolutionary psychology.
Loneliness: Human Nature and the need for Social Connection. Cacioppo, Patrick, p. 196-197
PROBLEM aka CHACHI
Respect is what we seek. Nothing more, nothing less.
RESPECT IS ULTIMATELY LINKED TO REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. I'LL EXPLAIN LATER AND TIE IT IN WITH PASSAGES FROM Sex, Murder, and
the Meaning of Life: A Psychologist Investigates How Evolution,
Cognition, and Complexity are Revolutionizing our View of Human Nature
NO RESPECT
A WIGGA BUMP INTO YOU AND YOU SPILLS YO DRINK ON YO'SELF IN THE CLUB AND THE WIGGA DON'T EVEN APOLOGIZE OR BI YOU ANOTHA DRINK, YOU DRIVIN' DOWN THE ROAD AND A CHINK DON'T THINK TWICE TO CUT YOU OFF, FLIP YOU OFF, THEN DRIVE OFF (SPEED AWAY), YOU HOOPIN' AND A NIGGA DON'T RESPECT YO FOUL CALLS AND DON'T STOP TALKIN' HEAD TO YOU. IN EACH OF THESE SCENARIOS, NO FEMALES WITNESS YOU ENDURE THESE SLIGHTS AND IN THE LONG RUN HAVING YOUR DRINK SPILLED, HAVING TO STEP ON THE BREAKS, AND NOT PLAYING WELL IN A BASKETBALL GAME ARE NOT THAT BIG OF A DEAL (AT LEAST NOT FOR MALES WHO HAVE SOMETHING GOING FOR THEMSELVES), YET YOU STILL FEEL THE NEED TO RETALIATE AND RIGHT THE WRONG THAT HAS BEEN DONE TO YOU. WHY? BECAUSE NOT RETALIATING MAKES YOU LOOK WEAK, LIKE A PUSHOVER, LIKE A PASSIVE, MEEK, NOBODY THAT CAN BE DOMINATED AND TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF AND BEING PERCEIVED THIS WAY ULTIMATELY MAKES YOU LOSE STATUS* AMONG YOUR SAME-SEX PEERS AND LOSS OF STATUS TRANSLATES TO LOSS OF REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS (FEMALES WON'T BE INCLINED TO HAVE SEX WITH YOU). (THINK: INTRASEXUAL SELECTION. TWO BIGHORN RAMS RAMMING THEIR HEADS INTO
ONE ANOTHER UNTIL ONE OF THEM CAPITULATES AND THE WINNER ASSERTS HIS
DOMINANCE OVER THE OTHER AND THUS EARNS THE RIGHT TO REPRODUCE WITH THE
CHOOSING FEMALE RAMS.)
| HEAD BUTT (BUTT HEAD)! https://twitter.com/SteveStuWill/status/1106105037665689600 "IF WE BUMP HEADS IN THE STREET OR EVEN AT SOME PAR TEE..." NATE D O DOUBLE! |
21:05
*YOU MAY THINK TO YOURSELF "WELL, WHAT DOES IT MATTER IF I'M DISRESPECTED BY A MALE I DON'T KNOW IN A PLACE THAT I DON'T FREQUENT AND NO OTHER MALE OR FEMALE THAT I CARE ABOUT WITNESSED IT AND THE PEOPLE WHO DID SEE IT WON'T SHARE IT WITH ANYONE ELSE AND EVEN IF THEY DO SHARE IT WITH OTHER PEOPLE I WON'T CARE BECAUSE I'LL NEVER SEE ANY OF THOSE PEOPLE EVER AGAIN. WELL, THE PROBLEM WITH THIS REASONING IS THAT YOU'RE LOOKING AT THIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF OUR MODERN ENVIRONMENT AND YOU'RE THINKING IN TERMS OF A RATIONAL, MODERN HUMAN (WHICH IS CONTRARY TO HOW WE EVOLVED TO THINK AND REACT). PLUS, YOU'RE PROBABLY A WHITE OR EAST ASIAN GUY FROM A CIVILIZED, UPPER MIDDLE CLASS TO UPPER CLASS BACKGROUND WHO'S NEVER HAD TO RESORT TO VIOLENCE TO RESOLVE A CONFLICT. AT ANY RATE, THIS PERSPECTIVE IS NOVEL FOR A NUMBER OF REASONS, BUT PRIMARILY FOR THE SIMPLE FACT THAT FOR NEARLY ALL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION THE CONDITIONS THAT YOU STATED NEVER EXISTED. IN FACT, OUR EVOLUTIONARY ENVIRONMENT OF ADAPTEDNESS WAS THE EXACT OPPOSITE. FOR JUST ABOUT ALL OF HUMAN EXISTENCE WE HAVE LIVED IN SMALL BANDS OF RELATED KIN (20-50 IMMEDIATE AND EXTENDED FAMILY MEMBERS THAT ALL KNEW ONE ANOTHER WELL AND SAW ONE ANOTHER ON A DAILY BASIS) AND IN THIS ENVIRONMENT ANY INSULT OR OTHER FORM OF DISRESPECT WOULD HAVE BEEN DETRIMENTAL TO YOUR SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. WHY? BECAUSE YOU'D HAVE TO CONTINUE INTERACTING WITH THESE PEOPLE THAT YOU KNOW ON A DAILY BASIS AND THEY'D REMEMBER HOW YOU WERE INSULTED/DISRESPECTED ALONG WITH THE ACCOMPANYING LOSS OF STATUS THAT THAT BROUGHT YOU AND THEY'D TREAT YOU ACCORDINGLY (THEY'D CONTINUE TO DISRESPECT YOU LEADING YOU TO CONTINUE TO LOSE STATUS AND FAVOR HIGHER STATUS MALES INSTEAD OF YOU WHO WOULD IN TURN ACCRUE MORE RESOURCES AND MATES THAN YOU). SO TO PREVENT THIS LOSS OF STATUS AND EVERYTHING THAT ACCOMPANIES IT, THE HUMAN MIND EVOLVED TO NOT TOLERATE ANY SLIGHT AND TO AVENGE ANY REAL OR PERCEIVED DISRESPECT DONE TO YOU SWIFTLY AND SEVERELY. NOW, IN THIS MODERN ENVIRONMENT WHERE WE'RE SURROUNDED BY PEOPLE WHO WE'RE NOT RELATED TO, WHO, FOR THE MOST PART, WE DON'T REALLY KNOW, AND WHO WE ONLY OCCASIONALLY SEE OR INTERACT WITH OR MAY NEVER SEE AGAIN, OUR HUMAN MIND STILL OPERATES THIS WAY. OUR MIND STILL FUNCTIONS AS THOUGH WE'RE STILL LIVING AMONG CLOSELY RELATED KIN THAT WE SEE ON A DAILY BASIS AND WHO WE'D LOSE STATUS TO IF WE WERE DISRESPECTED, SO THE REVENGE AND RETALIATION MODULE THAT WAS ESSENTIAL FOR OUR SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION IN OUR EVOLUTIONARY PAST STILL HAS A STRONG HOLD ON US.
"YOU CAN LOSE YA LIFE FOE UH DOLLA BIll!" - P
"U 'BOUT TA DIE OVER A LIL BIT UH NOTHIN'" - B's Friend
How strange the change from dueling, when your reputation was worth dying and killing for, to being encouraged not to care what others think
P. D. Mangan
Maybe it has to with more atomization: your personal reputation among those who know you isn't as important now.
Steve Lowry was one of the fellows who used to sit around with me on the ASU mall discussing philosophical issues and overdosing on beauty. At first glance, Steve and I appeared rather similar; we were both tall, long-haired, bell-bottomed white male graduate students in clinical psychology, we both loved to play the guitar, and we both enjoyed discussing topics like phenomenology and existentialism late into the night. But we actually came from radically different cultural backgrounds. Steve had grown up in an upper-middle-class suburb in Ohio and claimed he had never been in a fist fight in his life. Having grown up in a New York neighborhood with more than its fair share of lower-class Irish and Italian hooligans, I had a hard time believing him. There were periods during my childhood when I had a fight every day. And I was surrounded by people who were quite a bit tougher than me and had a father in prison and plenty of friends and relatives who would eventually end up there as well.
...
The third possible explanation for the sex difference in actual homicide is linked to a surprising motive for much violent behavior: the tendency to act aggressively to impress others. This motive is rare in women but prominent in men, and the proclivity to show off their violent tendencies may explain why men are more willing to translate homicidal thoughts into actions.
Consider the famous incident in which Al Capone invited Albert Anselmi, John Scalise, and Joseph Giunta to a banquet in their honor. After wining and dining his three fellow mobsters, Capone reputedly had his henchmen tie them to their chairs. He then picked up a baseball bat, and in front of the other dinner guests, personally proceeded to beat each of the three men to death. As the most powerful ma in Chicago, with politicians and police officers as well as hordes of other mobsters on his payroll, Capone usually had his underlings do the dirty work. Why, then, would he commit a triple murder right in front of a room full of witnesses?
The answer is that Capone had learned that the three were plotting against him, hoping to advance their own careers. As a powerful mafioso, he was expected to punish such disloyalty with death. In this case, he hoped not only to eliminate these potential competitors but also send a powerful message to his other business colleagues.
The stakes were high in Capone's world during the days of Prohibition - a life -and-death game for control of Chicago's multimillion dollar alcohol-running territories - but the sad truth is that men will fight to the death even when the stakes are considerably lower. In his classic study of homicides in Philadelphia, Marvin Wolfgang categorized 37 percent of the causes as "trivial altercations" over relatively petty issues, such as an insult, a curse, or one person bumping into another. As one Dallas homicide detective put it:
It is not that women are not sensitive to social put-downs; they are. But only men are driven to kill over them. And they do it with surprising frequency. In fact, Wolfgang found that trivial altercations were the most common motives for men's murders - more important than disputes over money, property, or infidelity. Why kill over such small stakes? After an extensive examination of police reports of homicides, Wilson and Daly suggested that the stakes were actually not trivial at all. Instead, the trigger for extreme violence is not the content of what one man says to another, but how he says it and what that tone implies. When one man openly insults another in public, regardless of the trigger for the insult, the insulted man's status is being challenged. And when one man loses status in the eyes of other men, Wilson and Daly argued, his ability to attract women also takes a hit.Murders result from little 'ol arguments about nothing at all. Tempers flare. A fight starts, and somebody gets stabbed or shot. I've worked on cases where the principals had been arguing over a 10 cent record on a jukebox, or over a one-dollar gambling debt from a dice game.
The link between a man's status and his value on the mating market connects to two of the most important principles in evolutionary biology: sexual selection and differential parental investment. According to the principle of differential parental investment, when one sex (usually the female) invests more in the offspring, members of that sex will be more careful about mating. As a consequence, members of the other sex (usually the male) will need to compete to be chosen. Consistent with this principle, human females, because they can become pregnant, have more to lose from a rash mating decision. Hence women tend to take more care in choosing the men with whom they mate. The process through which males are chosen is known as sexual selection. To win the attentions of selective females, male animals can do one of several things. They can display positive characteristics, as when a peacock displays his extravagant tail. They can find and control a resource-rich territory. Or they can beat out the competition directly - by fighting their way to the top of the local dominance hierarchy. Whether the game is defending a territory or winning a place at the top of the hierarchy, it helps to be larger and more aggressive.
...
...The sex that invests more in the offspring is choosier about mating, and the other sex will compete to be chosen. In this equation, aggression is a byproduct of that competition. Returning to the sex differences in homicides, it is females who tend to invest more in the offspring, so males need to compete to be chosen. Sometimes the competition becomes deadly.
Male aggressiveness is not a constant: It ebbs and flows according to several factors. For example, in many species, it increases just before the mating season, when territories and females are being contested. In humans, boys boost their dominance displays after they hit puberty, when successful competitiveness, such as being a star athlete, translates into popularity with the opposite sex. And men are most dangerous in their late teens and twenties, when their testosterone levels are highest and when they are competing most vigorously for mates. On the other side, when a man gets married, his testosterone level drops, and when his wife has a child, it drops again. There is less need to show off, and more need to stay out of potentially deadly competitions over which song is playing on the jukebox at the local bar.
Even for men who are fully on the market, violence is an expensive and dangerous route to respect - and one that, other things being equal, men would typically do well to avoid. In fact, they do generally avoid it. It is only when other paths to status are blocked that men resort to violent and antisocial behavior, as psychologist Jim Dabbs and David Rowe argued, with a great deal of evidence to back up their arguments. Rich men, even those with high testosterone levels, do not typically go around getting into fistfights. They can win more respect by making clever investments or perfecting their golf swings. Compare my friend Steve Lowry from the upper-middle-class suburbs in Ohio, who had never been in a fistfight, to the belligerent (and often bloody-nosed) hooligans I grew up with in New York. Lowry was a master of philosophical argumentation and could stand above the other middle-class guys by showing off his knowledge of Soren Kierkegaard. In my neighborhood, using the word "existentialism" in a sentence would have been less likely to elicit respect than the question "What are you, a fuckin' faggot?" So the urge to compete need not lead to violence, but depending upon the environment, upon the person's other traits, and upon his or her current life situation, it can.
Sex, Murder, and the Meaning of Life: A Psychologist Investigates How Evolution, Cognition, and Complexity are Revolutionizing our View of Human Nature. Kenrick, p. 23, 28-32.
TERRELL LOWRYS
"48% of men and 45% of women indicated status/reputation concerns as the reason for their last act of direct aggression...status-related competition appeared to be an important motive for aggression”
https://twitter.com/robkhenderson/status/1164523627418660864
https://twitter.com/robkhenderson/status/1164523627418660864
The question of ultimate causation is not just interesting in its own right. If we understand how aggression evolved, then many of its more immediate features may begin to make sense. The most common type of human aggression occurs between individuals of the same sex in defence of status or reputation. It is a risky strategy, in as much as it can lead to harm or social sanction, although in certain ecological contexts it can bring benefits. Since men have greater variance in reproductive success than women (that is, some men have no offspring but a few may have dozens - many more than any woman can have), we can predict that pursuing an aggressive strategy is more often adaptive for men than for women, especially while they are young and single, when reproductive competition is at its highest. These predictions turn out to be true. Across hundreds of studies in many cultures, men are more violent and aggressive than women, especially when they are young. When they marry, their testosterone levels decline and their likelihood of aggression does likewise (even controlling for age). If you are a man, you may notice that your car insurance premium is higher than that of your female peers, and declines steeply once you reach the age of about 35, or if you marry. Insurance actuaries analyse the age and status of those involved in accidents and thus understand exactly the evolved design features of risky and aggressive behaviours (if not their origins).
Note also that the evolutionary psychology perspective is nothing to do with claiming that aggression is 'genetically determined' or 'inevitable'. On the contrary, aggression is a high-cost, highly risky strategy, and it would be extremely maladaptive to just activate it in some indiscriminate way. Ancestors with such a tendency would not have fared well. Instead, selection has made us reluctant to deploy aggression unless we have little to lose. In modern societies, social deprivation, in terms of relative poverty and poor employment prospects, is a very strong predictor of aggression and violence. This makes perfect sense from the evolutionary psychology perspective. If you give people nothing to lose, then the evolved cost-benefit calculation that goes on in their minds is swayed towards the aggressive end of the spectrum. It follows that, even though the psychological mechanisms that cause aggression have been shaped by natural selection, the immediate triggers of aggression are environmental, and the occurrence of aggression is best altered by ameliorating the social environment.
99% Ape: How Evolution Adds Up. Paige 175. CHI-CHING!
I FIT THIS PROFILE TO SOME EXTENT. IMMA WOOD.
My New Hit Song
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| Mt. Rainier With Mr. And Mrs. Nunnelee's Children (Christian And Piper). "Peter Piper Picked A Pepper" - Julius Peppers |
2:28 The Wealthier Kids Get More Cognitive Stimulation
http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v18/n5/full/nn.3983.html?WT.ec_id=NEURO-201505
White, Wealthy, White Matter!
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| 1993. I've Played At Just About All Of The Top Golf Courses In Tahoe. (Lake Tahoe Is The Spot In The Summer!..Women Bearly Wearin' Nuttin'!) |
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-human-beast/201505/violent-crime-linked-male-sexuality
Violent Crime Linked to Male Sexuality
Violent Crime Linked to Male Sexuality
1:35
The People Who Commit The Most Crimes...Are Single Males And Males That
Are Unemployed...If You Don't Have Access To A Female Or Effective
Living...Males Become More Aggressive And Desperate...Same Thing Is Seen
Among Chimpanzees...Single, Don't Have Access To Females, Become
Desperate
The black underclass is not unique in seeing itself as victimized and shut out by the global marketplace. An ever-increasing proportion of the Arab and greater Muslim world is becoming worked up into a frenzy of terrorism, even to the point of suicide bombing. And every predominantly white nation has its share of lunatic-fringe skinheads. ALL AROUND THE WORLD, DOWNWARDLY MOBILE MALES WHO PERCEIVE THEMSELVES AS BEING DEPRIVED OF WEALTH, STATUS, AND ESPECIALLY FEMALES BY UP-AND-COMING MEMBERS OF A DIFFERENT RACE ARE TICKING TIME BOMBS.
Race: The Reality Of Human Differences. Sarich, Miele, p. 248
Single
men are more likely to turn to crime and murder, gambling and drugs.
With marriage, Testosterone goes down. We were built to bond.
BONDAGE
("WE BEEN TRAPPED IN BONDAGE 4 YEEEEEEARS!" - 4 D FONZARELLI!)
4:44
(COMPLETE LACK OF RESPECT! UTTER DISRESPECT! THE NIGGER NOT ONLY TOOK THE OTHER NIGGER'S MONEY, BUT TOLD THE OTHER NIGGER HOW HIS FORMER "BITCH" SUCKED AND FUCKED HIM! THEN AXED THE OTHER NIGGER (THE NIGGER THAT LOST HIS MONEY) HOW HIS DICK TASTED SINCE THE OTHER NIGGER WAS KISSING THE LIPS THAT SUCK HIS DICK (THE DICK OF THE NIGGER WHO WAS WINNING THE MONEY!) NOW, HOW'S THAT FOR DISRESPECT!)
"WHAT MY DICK TASTE LIKE, LIGHT, WHITE/NIGGA!" - DARK NIGGA (THAT'S WHAT HE ESSENTIALLY AXED HIM!)
If you're born poor in a gang invested neighborhood in a 3rd world country with a corrupt government & no-growth economy it is very unlikely you would succeed. Yes some have made it so it's doable. But it's much harder than those born in fortunate circumstances. Some compassion!
Analyzing Randy's brain made us reflect upon an important distinction in violence research - between "proactive" and "reactive" aggression. This distinction has been around for a long time in the work of Ken Dodge, at Duke, and Reid Meloy, in San Diego. The basic idea is that some predatory people - the proactives - use violence to get what they want in life.
Randy
Kraft was proactively aggressive. He carefully planned his actions,
drugging his victims, having sex with them, and then impassionately
dispatching them. Like a good computer specialist, he was methodical,
logical, calculating, and an able trouble-shooter of problems.
Proactively aggressive kids will bully others to get their money, games,
and candy. There's a means to an end. Proactives plan ahead. They are
regulated, controlled, and driven by rewards that are either external
and material or internal and psychological. They are also cold-blooded
dispassionate. They'll carefully plan the heist they have been thinking
through, and they'll not think twice about killing if need be. Quite a
lot of serial killers fit this bill - like Harold Shipman, in England,
who killed an estimated 284, most of them elderly women; Ted Kaczynski,
the Unabomber, whose terror campaign was conducted with mail bombs;
Peter Sutcliffe, who bumped off thirteen women in the north of England;
and Ted Bundy, who carefully killed about thirty-five young women, many
of them college students.
Flip
the aggression coin and the other side to the Randy Krafts of the world
are "reactive" aggressives. These more hot-blooded individuals lash
out emotionally in the face of a proactive stimulus. Someone has
insulted them and called them names. They've lent money and it has not
been returned. They've been verbally threatened. So they hit back in
anger.
Take
Ron and Reggie Kray, two identical twins who grew up in east London and
operated in the swinging '60s, the same time that Randy Kraft was
operating in Southern California. Reggie Kray's killing of Jack "the
Hat" McVitie was an example of reactive aggression. It went like this.
McVitie
had said mean things about Reggie's schizophrenic twin brother, Ron.
True, Ron Kray was fond of his food, and yes, he enjoyed exploring the
boundaries of his sexuality. But there are more subtle ways of
expressing these facts than to call him "a fat poof'" as Jack "the Hat"
did. Jack also owed the Kray twins a hundred pounds, which did not help
things. Adding injury to insult, one night walking out of a Chinese
restaurant, Reggie bumped into McVitie, who said, "I'll kill you, Kray, if it's the last fucking thing I do." Now, that's not nice.
Reggie
decided that that was going to be Jack McVitie's last supper. Later
that night Reggie pushed a knife into McVitie's face and stabbed him to
death in an explosive fit of pent-up anger. Reggie would have blown
Jack's head off, but his .32 automatic jammed twice, so he had to use a
knife instead. Reactive aggression is much more emotional and
unregulated. So in this context, although they were both murderers,
Kraft and Kray were more like apples and oranges.
Given
this proactive-reactive subdivision, I decided to categorize our
forty-one murderers into proactive, predatory killers and reactive,
emotional killers...
The Anatomy of Violence: The Biological Roots of Crime. Adrian "Makes It Rain, Let It Drip" Raine, p. 76-77.
CARTA: Violence in Human Evolution – Richard Wrangham: Parallel Evolution of Humanity and Savagery
