https://twitter.com/EPoe187/status/1111963302580629504
https://twitter.com/EPoe187/status/1142720946354163712
Bo Winegard
Evolutionary psychology’s biggest mistake was a strong version of the universal human nature thesis. There are human natures, not a human nature.
https://twitter.com/ed_hagen/status/1537566612324163584
15. The criticism here from evolutionary psychologists is that there just wasn't enough time to evolve novel mental modules. True. But this is more about tweaking and adjusting than about creating entirely new modules.
https://twitter.com/EPoe187/status/1142720946354163712
Bo Winegard
Evolutionary psychology’s biggest mistake was a strong version of the universal human nature thesis. There are human natures, not a human nature.
https://twitter.com/ed_hagen/status/1537566612324163584
https://www.amazon.com/Fair-Women-Dark-Men-Forgotten/dp/1877275727/
http://www.amazon.com/West-Hunter-Henry-Harpending-ebook/dp/B00BSGCL0M
http://www.amazon.com/West-Hunter-Henry-Harpending-ebook/dp/B00BSGCL0M
"IF WE KNOW WHAT HAPPENED YESTERDAY WE CAN INTELLIGENTLY DISCUSS TODAY BECAUSE TODAY IS BUILT ON YESTERDAY AND TOMORROW IS BUILT ON TODAY! SO, IF WE KNOW WHAT HAPPENED YESTERDAY AND WENT DOWN YESTERDAY WE'RE NOT LIKELY TO LET THE SAME THING GO DOWN TODAY!" - THE HONORABLE KHALID SHEIK MOHAMMED!
The Today Show
http://takimag.com/article/how_the_jews_got_their_smarts_and_other_adventures_in_biohistory/print#axzz4x1pEbLDp
The overarching insight of the book is that contrary to popular belief, the rise of “civilization” did not result in the extinction of humans as animals subject to biological evolution and the emergence of a species which had untethered itself from the truisms of nature. In fact as evident in the subheading Cochran & Harpending argue that contrary to the conventional wisdom civilization has increased the rate of evolutionary change. There is no mystery if you assume that evolutionary change is somehow related to the change in a population’s environment, and human culture can be considered our species’ environment. At its most simple level all that is required for evolution are changes in the frequencies of genetic variants over time; this may be prevented by selective forces which constrain variation, but constancy has not been a feature of human history over the past 10,000 years. Add to this Cochran & Harpending’s insight that larger populations have more variation, like a more diverse palette for a painter, and one can see how the creative energies of evolution might be unleashed among on humans.
The overarching insight of the book is that contrary to popular belief, the rise of “civilization” did not result in the extinction of humans as animals subject to biological evolution and the emergence of a species which had untethered itself from the truisms of nature. In fact as evident in the subheading Cochran & Harpending argue that contrary to the conventional wisdom civilization has increased the rate of evolutionary change. There is no mystery if you assume that evolutionary change is somehow related to the change in a population’s environment, and human culture can be considered our species’ environment. At its most simple level all that is required for evolution are changes in the frequencies of genetic variants over time; this may be prevented by selective forces which constrain variation, but constancy has not been a feature of human history over the past 10,000 years. Add to this Cochran & Harpending’s insight that larger populations have more variation, like a more diverse palette for a painter, and one can see how the creative energies of evolution might be unleashed among on humans.
"But this has no bearing whatsoever on whether dividing humanity up into breeding populations that differ genetically from other populations as a result of geographical isolation, cultural separation, and endogamy, and which show patterns of genotypic
frequency for a number of inter-correlated characteristics compared with other breeding populations (the essence of ‘race’) allows correct predictions to be made. If so doing does allow correct predictions to be made, then ‘race’ is as much a ‘scientific’ category as any other.
Wade says that these probabilistic differences have emerged because of “soft sweeps” in evolution. A “hard sweep” consists of a new mutation creating a trait that confers a decisive advantage that causes it to take over a population. In contrast, a soft sweep takes place when a trait has an advantage, and this trait is caused by many genes. People with more of the favorable genes for producing that trait will tend to have more surviving children. Says Wade,
The soft sweep process—a small increase in frequency in many genes—is a much easier way for natural selection to operate than through hard sweeps.
The practice of breeding plants and animals relies on soft sweeps rather than hard sweeps. The breeder of tame animals does not know which genes are at work. However, by selecting the tamest animals in each generation, the breeder eventually creates a breed that has a large share of the genes that favor tameness.
When do different gene clusters emerge through selection pressure and when do they emerge at random? This question occurred to me throughout my reading of Wade’s book, and I did not find it clearly addressed. Perhaps the answer is well known, and I simply lack the relevant background knowledge.
On the one hand, I can imagine differences that are due to selection pressure, which would work somewhat like deliberate breeding. Selection pressures that differ by location could cause humans to evolve different traits in different locations. Wade offers well-known examples, such as genes for lactose tolerance or genes that help fight malaria but otherwise have adverse consequences.
On the other hand, I also can imagine random variation in gene clusters. The random genetic characteristics of any two populations would tend to differ, on average, in proportion to the distance between those two populations. That is because people are less likely to marry the farther apart they live. It seems to me that this could give rise to distinct genetic markers of a particular continent or even of a particular town. However, such variation might have no significant impact on the traits of the people with those differences, because it does not reflect selection pressure.
Race is NOT a social construct. Your DNA can tell people what race you are. That is how forensic science reads bones and blood. Race is real. It is very real. Your bones, with no other context, would still say you are Black.
"Race realism is discomfiting because it contradicts contemporary dogmas about human equality. Races...are not the same. And because they are not the same, they will create slightly different cultures and have different social outcomes."
Human Populations (Races) Evolved In Different Geographic, Climatic,
Cultural, And Social Environments And These Environments Exerted Natural, Sexual, And Group Selective Pressures On Them (The People Inhabiting Them)
Resulting In The Different Physical, Physiological, And Psychological
Characteristics That We See Among The Descendants Of These Populations
Today. It's A Very Simple Concept To Grasp, Jane (How Racial Differences
In Intelligence And Other Personality Traits Evolved Among Races) And
I'm Sure You Grasp It, But You're Unable To Believe It's Veracity And
Accept It As Fact Because You're Deluded And Want To Remain In Fantasy
Land (i.e. Believe That We Were All Created Equal And That The Only
Differences Between People And Populations Are Cultural Differences). I
Feel Sorry For You, Jane, Because Your Perspective On The Human Race Is
Flawed And Will Lead You To Live An Ideologically Flawed Life.
Finally, Coyne writes: “The 'sociological constructs' thing is simply political correctness imposed on biological reality. In view of the morphological and genetic differences among human populations, how can such differences be 'constructs'?”
Good debunking of the claim that "race and ethnicity are social constructs, without scientific or biological meaning" in this article by Jerry Coyne and Luana Maroja: skepticalinquirer.org/2023/06/the-id
Westerners care about saving endangered species like pandas and snail darters, but virtually nobody cares about saving the poor Pygmies from near-genocidal brutality. Perhaps reclassifying Pygmies as a distinct species would raise the profile of their plight?
The Khoie-San tribe of southwest Africa (Namibia). Regarded as the only purebred Homo sapiens with no admixture. A stunningly beautiful, gorgeous, well adapted people. Why would we want to destroy them with globalist mutt-i-fication and outbreeding?
The differencess between populations are not minuscule & largely irrelevant. They matter. Some populations can, in nature, thrive at high altitude, others can't. Some can thrive in under low insulation, others can't. Some can resist many tropical parasites. Others can't.
The more loci you look at, the more reliably you can classify people in ways that match everyday ideas of "race" (and this reliability is very high):
http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2005/01/racial-groupings-match-genetic-profiles-stanford-study-finds.html …
It's because the racial classifications are an accurate reflection of ancestry. If it weren't, the finding of that study would be impossible.
https://occamsrazormag.wordpress.com/2014/05/06/human-biodiversity-and-the-dark-enlightenment/
http://www.evoandproud.blogspot.com/2015/01/sometimes-consensus-is-phony.html
https://jaymans.wordpress.com/hbd-fundamentals/
"PEOPLE, STOP THINKING THAT WE WERE CREATED EQUAL!" - D 0 D 0 WITHOUT THE MOTHAFUKKIN' HYPHEN!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbzN-uixXng
The Racists are right - Human Biodiversity is real
http://www.unz.com/isteve/sociologists-worry-that-nonwhites-are-too-well-informed-about-importance-of-genetics/
https://westhunt.wordpress.com/2017/09/04/guns-germs-and-steel-revisited/
Both Caucasians and East Asians have light skin, an adaptation to living in high northern latitudes. The default state of primate skin is pale: chimpanzees, under their fur, have white skin (although their faces are dark because of heavy suntan). When our distant ancestors lost their fur, probably because bare skin allowed better sweating and heat control, they developed dark skin to protect a vital chemical known as folic acid from being destroyed by the strong ultraviolet light around the equator. The first modern humans who migrated to the northern latitudes of Europe and Asia were exposed to much less ultraviolet light - too little, in fact, to synthesize enough vitamin D, for which ultraviolet light is required. Natural selection therefore favored the development of pale skin among people living in high northern latitudes. Pale skin may also have been prized in sexual partners, in which case sexual selection, as well as the need to synthesize vitamin D, would have speeded the spread of the necessary alleles. Objectively speaking, pale skin is no more attractive than any other shade. If anything, it is probably less so, to judge by the existence of tanning salons. It could have been prized for arbitrary reasons or, given its association with vitamin D synthesis, because its owners had healthier children in extreme northern latitudes.
Pale skin evolved independently in the Caucasian and East Asian populations, showing that the two populations have remained substantially separated since their split. This is known to be the case because pale skin in Caucasians is caused by a largely different set of genes than those that cause pale skin in East Asians. The independent but parallel evolution of pale skin in the two halves of the Eurasian continent came about because each was exposed to the same stress - the need to protect vitamin D synthesis in northern latitudes. But natural selection can work only with whatever alleles - the different versions of a gene - are present in a population. Evidently different alleles for making pale skin were available in the Caucasian and East Asian populations. This is not so surprising. Making, packaging and distributing the granules of pigment that give skin its color is a complex process, and there are many ways it can be tweaked so as to yield a particular outcome.
Among Africans, dark skin is maintained by the gene known as MC1R. A single version of this gene is found throughout Africa, whereas at least 30 alleles, all different from the African allele, are found among Europeans, and other variants are special to East Asians. It seems that any mutations or changes in the African allele of MC1R lead to lighter skin, which is harmful in the African context. Carriers of such an allele in Africa have no or fewer children, and the variant versions of the MC1R gene that keep cropping up because of mutation are constantly eliminated by purifying selection.
Europeans have pale skin in part because purifying selection on their MC1R gene has been relaxed. But this is not the only reason. They have several alleles that promote pale skin. One is an allele of the gene known as SLC24A5. The SLC24A5 gene specifies a large protein - a chain of amino acid unites - in which the 11th unit is the amino acid known as alanine. This is the ancestral form of the gene and is the allele found in almost all Africans and East Asians. Almost all Europeans have an allele in which there is a critical difference in the triplet of three consecutive DNA bases, known as a codon, that specifies the 111th amino acid unit. Different codons determine the 20 kinds of amino acid unit of which proteins are composed. In the case of the SLC24A5 gene, the 111th codon in the ancestral allele is the triplet of bases ACA, which specifies the amino acid alanine. In Europeans, the first A in the triplet has mutated to a G, giving the sequence GCA, and this codon specifies the amino acid known as threonine. This single switch of amino acids alters the function of the protein.
Almost all Europeans have two copies (one from each parent) of the threonine-denoting, skin-lightening allele of the SLC24A5 gene. Africans have two copies of the alanine allele that darkens the skin. African Americans and African Caribbeans who have one copy of each allele have intermediate hues of skin.
East Asians have skin that can be just as pale as that of Europeans. But East Asians carry the ancestral dark skin form of SLC24A5. Natural selection has found other routes by which to lighten the skin of East Asians.
https://westhunt.wordpress.com/2017/12/19/how-to-be-different/
Several other differences are already known between East Asians and Europeans, testifying to the ancient split between the populations. One is the greater thickness of East Asian hair. Africans and Europeans, who have thin hair shafts, carry the same version of a gene called EDAR. A different allele is widespread in East Asians, occurring in 93% of Han Chinese, about 70% of people in Japan and Thailand, and in 60 to 90% of Native Americans. In the 370th codon of the gene, a T has mutated to C, so that the amino acid coded for is alanine instead of valine. Because of the switch of valine (V) to alanine (A) at the 370th codon, the allele is called EDAR-V370A.
East Asians who carry the EDAR-V370A allele also have thick and lustrous hair. But correlation is not proof, so how can one be certain that EDAR-V370A is indeed the cause of East Asians' thick hair shafts? Researchers who wished to prove this point recently generated a strain of mice whose EDAR gene was converted to the East Asian form. They found the mice had thicker hair, proving that the allele is the cause of thick hair in East Asians, but also noticed two other interesting changes.
First, the mice had more eccrine sweat glands than usual in their foot pads. Sweat glands come in two versions, eccrine glands, which secrete water so as to cool the body by evaporation, and apocrine glands, which secrete proteins and hormones. Checking in a Chinese population, the researchers found that the EDAR-V370A causes people too to carry significantly more eccrine glands, a fact that had been previously unknown.
The mice also had smaller breasts than usual, indicating that the EDAR-V370A allele is probably the reason why East Asian women tend to have smaller breasts than African and European women.
A fourth probable effect of EDAR-V370A is that it causes the characteristic dentition of East Asians, whose front teeth look shovel shaped when seen from the back. The mice were less useful in elucidating this effect because their teeth are so different from human teeth.
It may seem surprising that a single gene can have so many profound effects. EDAR has great influence on the body because it is switched on early in embryonic development and helps shape organs such as the skin, teeth, hair, and breasts.
The fact that the EDAR-V370A allele has so many effects in East Asians raises the intriguing question of which particular effect was the target of natural selection that made the allele so common. One possibility is that thick hair and small breasts were much admired by Asian men, or equally that thick hair in either sex was attractive to the other. In either case, these traits would have been acting as agents of sexual selection, a particularly potent form of natural selection.
Another possibility is that the sweat glands were the driving force behind the rise of EDAR-V370A. East Asians are usually assumed to have evolved in a cold climate because of certain traits, such as narrow nostrils and a fold of fat over the eyelid, which seem helpful in conserving body heat. But researchers have calculated that the EDAR variant emerged some 35,000 years ago, at which time central China was hot and humid.
A third possibility is that many or all of the effects of EDAR-V370A were advantageous at one time or another, and that natural selection favored each in turn. Effects of less obvious advantage, such as the shaping of the teeth, were dragged along in the wake of the traits found favorable by natural selection.
EDAR-V370A explains a substantial part, but not all, of the physiological differences between East Asians and other races. Another feature that distinguishes most East Asians from Europeans and Africans has to do with earwax. The substance comes in two forms, wet and dry. The switch between the two types is controlled by two alleles of the gene ABCC11. The allele that causes dry earwax is very common in East Asia. Among the northern Han Chinese and Koreans, 100% of people have the dry allele. The percentage drops to 85% among the southern Han and to 87% in Japan.
Almost all Europeans and all Africans have the wet earwax allele of the ABCC11 gene. This sharp differentiation of the two alleles implies a strong selection pressure. But the function of earwax, like flypaper, is merely to deter insects from crawling into the ear. It seems unlikely that so minor a role would be critical to survival. But as it happens, the two alleles of the ABCC11 are also involved in the apocrine sweat glands.
Unlike the eccrine sweat glands mentioned above, which are found all over the body and secrete just water, the apocrine glands in humans are restricted after birth to just the armpits, nipples, eyelids and other special niches. They make slightly oily secretions, and the specialty of those in the ear is to secrete earwax. The apocrine gland secretions are odorless at first but produce body odor after being decomposed by the bacteria ubiquitous on the skin.
East Asians with the dry earwax allele of the gene produce fewer secretions from their apocrine glands and as a result have less body odor. Among people spending many months in confined spaces to escape the cold, lack of body odor would have been an attractive trait and one perhaps favored by sexual selection.
Yet another East Asian characteristic is the type of skull known by physical anthropologists as Mongoloid. Mongoloid skulls have fine features, a broad head shape, and flattened faces. They also have a distinctive dentition. Africans and Europeans have the same kind of generic human teeth, which is evidently the ancestral pattern. In the East a new tooth pattern emerged, called sundadonty after Sunda, the Ice Age continent that disintegrated after the rise of sea level into Malaysia and the islands of Indonesia. Southeast Asians and the populations derived from them in Polynesia are sundadonts. Some 30,000 years ago, a variation of sundadonty appeared called sinodonty, in which the upper incisors are shovel shaped and some molar teeth have extra roots. Northern Chinese, Japanese and Native Americans, who are descended from Siberian populations, are all sinodonts.
Politically oriented scientists often proclaim that there are no distinct human races, seeking to imply, without actually saying so, that races do not exist. One reason that races exist, though not distinctly, is that features characteristic of a race are often distributed along a gradient. Almost all northern Chinese have the sinodont pattern of dentition, but the farther one goes toward southern China and Southeast Asia, the greater the percentage of people who are sundadonts and the fewer who are sinodonts. The dry earwax allele is almost universal in northern China but yields to the wet allele toward the south. Most East Asians have the dry earwax gene, but not all do. Most, but not all, have the EDAR-V370A allele.
All these differences are variations superimposed on the common human theme. Even small differences in appearance can be of great social significance, given the strong human tendency to distinguish between the in-group and the out-group. Like the minor variations of language known as dialects, variations in skin or hair color can form the basis on which one group distinguishes itself from its neighbors. If intermarriage then ceases to occur across this fault line, other differences will accumulate, pushing human populations toward differentiation and away from remixing into a common genetic pool.
(A Troublesome Inheritance)
In the global meritocracy, the best and the brightest have never had it so good. They form a sort of international elite and often marry with those of other races. Their common feature is their status among members of different racial groups. Nonetheless, there is no reason to assume that the racial appearance of vast areas of the world, including China, India, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East, which have not changed in recorded history, will change anytime soon. (Race: The Reality Of Human Differences)
Do You Know What This Means? This Means That The Western Educated Members Of Different Racial And Ethnic Backgrounds Who Live And Work In Western Countries (Particularly The U.S.) Are Having Children With One Another At An Alarming Rate. In Other Words, The East Asians And South Asians, For Instance, Who Attend The Top Universities In The U.S. And Work At The Top Corporations In The U.S. Are Having Children With One Another (Little Chinese/Indian And Korean/Bangladeshi Children, For Instance). Why? Because They Share Similar Educational, Career, And Socioeconomic Backgrounds In Spite Of Being From Racially And Ethnically Different Backgrounds. This Is A Troubling Trend!
A Korean (Dinsmore Sohn; La Palma High, UCSD) And A European (Portuguese) Representative Of The Type Of Couples That I Mention Above. (In the global meritocracy, the best and the brightest have never had it so good. They form a sort of international elite and often marry with those of other races. Their common feature is their status among members of different racial groups.).
https://www.instagram.com/p/B1-Zd4mnpZx/
Alan's Had Out-breeding Tendencies From An Early Age. He Was Going Around With An Unattractive Mexican Girl With A Massive, Bulbous Forehead In 10th Grade And Would Often Lust After And Chase After The White Girl And Lat-Tina At Bars, So I'm Not Surprised That He's Had Children With A Mexicana. (Ha is the taller Vietnamese male looking at his phone in one of the instagram photos in the above link. I met Ha in 1998 when I visited Alan in Austin.)
http://www.evoandproud.blogspot.com/2015/01/sometimes-consensus-is-phony.html
https://jaymans.wordpress.com/hbd-fundamentals/
"PEOPLE, STOP THINKING THAT WE WERE CREATED EQUAL!" - D 0 D 0 WITHOUT THE MOTHAFUKKIN' HYPHEN!
The Racists are right - Human Biodiversity is real
http://www.unz.com/isteve/sociologists-worry-that-nonwhites-are-too-well-informed-about-importance-of-genetics/
Why Do Western European Countries (And Their Offshoots) And East Asian Countries Dominate The Economic, Technological, Social, Scientific, And Political Aspects Of The World? Why Do Western European And East Asian Descendants Dominate The Economic, Technological, Social, Scientific, And Political Sectors Of American Society? Why Do Whites (Descendants Of Western And Northern Europeans) And East
Asians Predominate At Prestigious American Universities And Most
Colleges In General? The Book A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race and Human History (http://geneticliteracyproject.org/2014/05/07/nicholas-wade-on-race-genes-and-evolution-trump-culture-in-shaping-human-differences/), Which I've Excerpted Below, Will Tell You Why. Here's A Hint, These Races Evolved Social, Cultural, Economic, And Political Systems Over Their Evolutionary History That Demanded Certain Personality Traits And The Genes That Accompany Them (Genes That Code For High IQ, Low Time-Preference, Low Aggression) For Survival And Reproductive Success In Their Respective Civilizations And These Personality Traits Are Now Conducive To Economic, Social, Political, Etc. Success In This Modern, Western Civilization That We Now Live In.
James Thompson retweeted
I can't think of a single major group of people anywhere who are more poorly adapted to western civilization than Australian aborigines.
https://www.amren.com/features/2017/03/chinese-college-students-think-race/
https://www.amren.com/features/2017/03/chinese-college-students-think-race/
When I ask my students what they think of black people, they express mixed results depending on sex. The girls often react with disgust, revulsion, or pity. They use terms such as “ugly,” “black skin,” “weird hair,” “smelly,” “loud,” and “flat nose.” Part of this has to do with Chinese standards of beauty, which value a prominent or “high nose,” “three dimensional face,” “light skin,” and “double eyelids” (a skin crease above the eyes like that of whites). The Chinese perception of beauty is almost the exact opposite of the way blacks look.
The girls’ disgust is often combined with fear, and they associate blacks with crime. This gut attitude from Chinese girls can be perplexing because it arises from those who have often never met a black person, or have seen them only in passing. It seems to me this association of black people with danger and violence is almost innate for Chinese people, especially women. I’ve also noticed that black African young men have absolutely no luck trying to date Chinese girls, who see them as weird, ugly, and aggressive.
This contrasts sharply with Chinese girls’ typical reaction to whites. From my own observation, and from what I hear from others, they practically throw themselves at white guys. In our class introductions at the beginning of the semester, I usually have at least four or five ask if I will date them—they flirt with me right in front of the class. Many more make advances privately.
Chinese student united states chicago school be careful stay at school property. Black nigro may take wallet shoe shoot gun or make sex slave
I WONDER HOW LONG IT WOULD HAVE TAKEN BEFORE THE 3 MAJOR RACES (NEGROID, CAUCASOID, MONGOLOID) BECAME DISTINCT SPECIES THAT WERE UNABLE TO BREED WITH ONE ANOTHER. 60,000 YEARS SEPARATE EUROPEANS FROM AFRICANS AND 40,000 YEARS SEPARATE EUROPEANS FROM ASIANS, BUT ALL 3 RACES CAN STILL BREED WITH ONE ANOTHER! I THINK I'M GOING TO AX GREGORY COCHRAN THIS!
https://twitter.com/genetisaur/status/1111664051854032898
https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/05/05/the-birth-of-the-caucasian-race/
The next major fork in the human family tree occurred
between the populations that colonized the two major halves of the
Eurasian continent. Migrants to the north became the ancestors of
Caucasians in the west and of East Asians in the east. Caucasians
include Europeans, Middle Easterners and the people of the Indian
subcontinent. The term Caucasian is avoided by some anthropologists
because Blumenbach, who invented the term, believed the inhabitants of
the Caucasus were the world's most beautiful people. But Blumenbach, as
noted earlier, did not believe Caucasians were superior to other races.
Because there is no other word to refer to this important grouping of
populations, many geneticists use this term. The date of the split
between East Asians and Caucasians is still uncertain but may have been
as long as 30,000 years ago.https://twitter.com/genetisaur/status/1111664051854032898
In other words, genetic differences among, at least, the traditionally recognized human races, such as Europeans, East Asians, and sub-Saharan Africans, are large enough that genetic analyses need to be performed on each race separately to be satisfactorily accurate enough.
- Are we absolutely certain that Greenland Inuits can successfully mate with African Watusis or Australian Aborigines? Viable offspring? And what about physiology? Can an African male penis fit into a tiny Asian female?
Both Caucasians and East Asians have light skin, an adaptation to living in high northern latitudes. The default state of primate skin is pale: chimpanzees, under their fur, have white skin (although their faces are dark because of heavy suntan). When our distant ancestors lost their fur, probably because bare skin allowed better sweating and heat control, they developed dark skin to protect a vital chemical known as folic acid from being destroyed by the strong ultraviolet light around the equator. The first modern humans who migrated to the northern latitudes of Europe and Asia were exposed to much less ultraviolet light - too little, in fact, to synthesize enough vitamin D, for which ultraviolet light is required. Natural selection therefore favored the development of pale skin among people living in high northern latitudes. Pale skin may also have been prized in sexual partners, in which case sexual selection, as well as the need to synthesize vitamin D, would have speeded the spread of the necessary alleles. Objectively speaking, pale skin is no more attractive than any other shade. If anything, it is probably less so, to judge by the existence of tanning salons. It could have been prized for arbitrary reasons or, given its association with vitamin D synthesis, because its owners had healthier children in extreme northern latitudes.
Pale skin evolved independently in the Caucasian and East Asian populations, showing that the two populations have remained substantially separated since their split. This is known to be the case because pale skin in Caucasians is caused by a largely different set of genes than those that cause pale skin in East Asians. The independent but parallel evolution of pale skin in the two halves of the Eurasian continent came about because each was exposed to the same stress - the need to protect vitamin D synthesis in northern latitudes. But natural selection can work only with whatever alleles - the different versions of a gene - are present in a population. Evidently different alleles for making pale skin were available in the Caucasian and East Asian populations. This is not so surprising. Making, packaging and distributing the granules of pigment that give skin its color is a complex process, and there are many ways it can be tweaked so as to yield a particular outcome.
Among Africans, dark skin is maintained by the gene known as MC1R. A single version of this gene is found throughout Africa, whereas at least 30 alleles, all different from the African allele, are found among Europeans, and other variants are special to East Asians. It seems that any mutations or changes in the African allele of MC1R lead to lighter skin, which is harmful in the African context. Carriers of such an allele in Africa have no or fewer children, and the variant versions of the MC1R gene that keep cropping up because of mutation are constantly eliminated by purifying selection.
Europeans have pale skin in part because purifying selection on their MC1R gene has been relaxed. But this is not the only reason. They have several alleles that promote pale skin. One is an allele of the gene known as SLC24A5. The SLC24A5 gene specifies a large protein - a chain of amino acid unites - in which the 11th unit is the amino acid known as alanine. This is the ancestral form of the gene and is the allele found in almost all Africans and East Asians. Almost all Europeans have an allele in which there is a critical difference in the triplet of three consecutive DNA bases, known as a codon, that specifies the 111th amino acid unit. Different codons determine the 20 kinds of amino acid unit of which proteins are composed. In the case of the SLC24A5 gene, the 111th codon in the ancestral allele is the triplet of bases ACA, which specifies the amino acid alanine. In Europeans, the first A in the triplet has mutated to a G, giving the sequence GCA, and this codon specifies the amino acid known as threonine. This single switch of amino acids alters the function of the protein.
Almost all Europeans have two copies (one from each parent) of the threonine-denoting, skin-lightening allele of the SLC24A5 gene. Africans have two copies of the alanine allele that darkens the skin. African Americans and African Caribbeans who have one copy of each allele have intermediate hues of skin.
East Asians have skin that can be just as pale as that of Europeans. But East Asians carry the ancestral dark skin form of SLC24A5. Natural selection has found other routes by which to lighten the skin of East Asians.
https://westhunt.wordpress.com/2017/12/19/how-to-be-different/
Several other differences are already known between East Asians and Europeans, testifying to the ancient split between the populations. One is the greater thickness of East Asian hair. Africans and Europeans, who have thin hair shafts, carry the same version of a gene called EDAR. A different allele is widespread in East Asians, occurring in 93% of Han Chinese, about 70% of people in Japan and Thailand, and in 60 to 90% of Native Americans. In the 370th codon of the gene, a T has mutated to C, so that the amino acid coded for is alanine instead of valine. Because of the switch of valine (V) to alanine (A) at the 370th codon, the allele is called EDAR-V370A.
East Asians who carry the EDAR-V370A allele also have thick and lustrous hair. But correlation is not proof, so how can one be certain that EDAR-V370A is indeed the cause of East Asians' thick hair shafts? Researchers who wished to prove this point recently generated a strain of mice whose EDAR gene was converted to the East Asian form. They found the mice had thicker hair, proving that the allele is the cause of thick hair in East Asians, but also noticed two other interesting changes.
First, the mice had more eccrine sweat glands than usual in their foot pads. Sweat glands come in two versions, eccrine glands, which secrete water so as to cool the body by evaporation, and apocrine glands, which secrete proteins and hormones. Checking in a Chinese population, the researchers found that the EDAR-V370A causes people too to carry significantly more eccrine glands, a fact that had been previously unknown.
The mice also had smaller breasts than usual, indicating that the EDAR-V370A allele is probably the reason why East Asian women tend to have smaller breasts than African and European women.
A fourth probable effect of EDAR-V370A is that it causes the characteristic dentition of East Asians, whose front teeth look shovel shaped when seen from the back. The mice were less useful in elucidating this effect because their teeth are so different from human teeth.
It may seem surprising that a single gene can have so many profound effects. EDAR has great influence on the body because it is switched on early in embryonic development and helps shape organs such as the skin, teeth, hair, and breasts.
The fact that the EDAR-V370A allele has so many effects in East Asians raises the intriguing question of which particular effect was the target of natural selection that made the allele so common. One possibility is that thick hair and small breasts were much admired by Asian men, or equally that thick hair in either sex was attractive to the other. In either case, these traits would have been acting as agents of sexual selection, a particularly potent form of natural selection.
Another possibility is that the sweat glands were the driving force behind the rise of EDAR-V370A. East Asians are usually assumed to have evolved in a cold climate because of certain traits, such as narrow nostrils and a fold of fat over the eyelid, which seem helpful in conserving body heat. But researchers have calculated that the EDAR variant emerged some 35,000 years ago, at which time central China was hot and humid.
A third possibility is that many or all of the effects of EDAR-V370A were advantageous at one time or another, and that natural selection favored each in turn. Effects of less obvious advantage, such as the shaping of the teeth, were dragged along in the wake of the traits found favorable by natural selection.
EDAR-V370A explains a substantial part, but not all, of the physiological differences between East Asians and other races. Another feature that distinguishes most East Asians from Europeans and Africans has to do with earwax. The substance comes in two forms, wet and dry. The switch between the two types is controlled by two alleles of the gene ABCC11. The allele that causes dry earwax is very common in East Asia. Among the northern Han Chinese and Koreans, 100% of people have the dry allele. The percentage drops to 85% among the southern Han and to 87% in Japan.
Almost all Europeans and all Africans have the wet earwax allele of the ABCC11 gene. This sharp differentiation of the two alleles implies a strong selection pressure. But the function of earwax, like flypaper, is merely to deter insects from crawling into the ear. It seems unlikely that so minor a role would be critical to survival. But as it happens, the two alleles of the ABCC11 are also involved in the apocrine sweat glands.
Unlike the eccrine sweat glands mentioned above, which are found all over the body and secrete just water, the apocrine glands in humans are restricted after birth to just the armpits, nipples, eyelids and other special niches. They make slightly oily secretions, and the specialty of those in the ear is to secrete earwax. The apocrine gland secretions are odorless at first but produce body odor after being decomposed by the bacteria ubiquitous on the skin.
East Asians with the dry earwax allele of the gene produce fewer secretions from their apocrine glands and as a result have less body odor. Among people spending many months in confined spaces to escape the cold, lack of body odor would have been an attractive trait and one perhaps favored by sexual selection.
Yet another East Asian characteristic is the type of skull known by physical anthropologists as Mongoloid. Mongoloid skulls have fine features, a broad head shape, and flattened faces. They also have a distinctive dentition. Africans and Europeans have the same kind of generic human teeth, which is evidently the ancestral pattern. In the East a new tooth pattern emerged, called sundadonty after Sunda, the Ice Age continent that disintegrated after the rise of sea level into Malaysia and the islands of Indonesia. Southeast Asians and the populations derived from them in Polynesia are sundadonts. Some 30,000 years ago, a variation of sundadonty appeared called sinodonty, in which the upper incisors are shovel shaped and some molar teeth have extra roots. Northern Chinese, Japanese and Native Americans, who are descended from Siberian populations, are all sinodonts.
Politically oriented scientists often proclaim that there are no distinct human races, seeking to imply, without actually saying so, that races do not exist. One reason that races exist, though not distinctly, is that features characteristic of a race are often distributed along a gradient. Almost all northern Chinese have the sinodont pattern of dentition, but the farther one goes toward southern China and Southeast Asia, the greater the percentage of people who are sundadonts and the fewer who are sinodonts. The dry earwax allele is almost universal in northern China but yields to the wet allele toward the south. Most East Asians have the dry earwax gene, but not all do. Most, but not all, have the EDAR-V370A allele.
All these differences are variations superimposed on the common human theme. Even small differences in appearance can be of great social significance, given the strong human tendency to distinguish between the in-group and the out-group. Like the minor variations of language known as dialects, variations in skin or hair color can form the basis on which one group distinguishes itself from its neighbors. If intermarriage then ceases to occur across this fault line, other differences will accumulate, pushing human populations toward differentiation and away from remixing into a common genetic pool.
(A Troublesome Inheritance)
In the global meritocracy, the best and the brightest have never had it so good. They form a sort of international elite and often marry with those of other races. Their common feature is their status among members of different racial groups. Nonetheless, there is no reason to assume that the racial appearance of vast areas of the world, including China, India, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East, which have not changed in recorded history, will change anytime soon. (Race: The Reality Of Human Differences)
Do You Know What This Means? This Means That The Western Educated Members Of Different Racial And Ethnic Backgrounds Who Live And Work In Western Countries (Particularly The U.S.) Are Having Children With One Another At An Alarming Rate. In Other Words, The East Asians And South Asians, For Instance, Who Attend The Top Universities In The U.S. And Work At The Top Corporations In The U.S. Are Having Children With One Another (Little Chinese/Indian And Korean/Bangladeshi Children, For Instance). Why? Because They Share Similar Educational, Career, And Socioeconomic Backgrounds In Spite Of Being From Racially And Ethnically Different Backgrounds. This Is A Troubling Trend!
A Korean (Dinsmore Sohn; La Palma High, UCSD) And A European (Portuguese) Representative Of The Type Of Couples That I Mention Above. (In the global meritocracy, the best and the brightest have never had it so good. They form a sort of international elite and often marry with those of other races. Their common feature is their status among members of different racial groups.).
https://www.instagram.com/p/B1-Zd4mnpZx/
Alan's Had Out-breeding Tendencies From An Early Age. He Was Going Around With An Unattractive Mexican Girl With A Massive, Bulbous Forehead In 10th Grade And Would Often Lust After And Chase After The White Girl And Lat-Tina At Bars, So I'm Not Surprised That He's Had Children With A Mexicana. (Ha is the taller Vietnamese male looking at his phone in one of the instagram photos in the above link. I met Ha in 1998 when I visited Alan in Austin.)
Unions Like This Should Still Be Illegal, Especially If The Jigg Is That UGLY!
The Jigg Is Up!
A CENTURY AGO AND POSSIBLY A LITTLE EARLIER A MONGREL LIKE THAT ABOVE (GESTATING IN HER WOMB) WOULD HAVE NEVER BEEN CREATED, HOWEVER, THANKS TO THE INTERNET, WORLD TRAVEL, GLOBALIZATION, AND A MORE RACE TOLERANT CULTURAL ZEITGEIST MULTIRACIAL CREATIONS LIKE THIS ARE NO LONGER THE EXCEPTION! AND IT'S SICKENING!
0:04 The Daughter Is Half Japanese And Possibly Half Filipino. But, She Could Be Half Japanese And Half Mexican! And I Don't Like Asian/Hispanic Admixtures, Especially The Chinese/Mexican Variety Because They're Usually Odd Looking And Unattractive. Why? Because They Typically Inherit Hispanic Facial Features (A Long, Narrow Face, And Long Nose) In Addition To The Epicanthic Fold, Slanted Eyes, And Broad, Flat Face Typical Of East Asians And That's Not Pretty. As A Matter Of Fact, They Often Remind ME Of John Quinones And Elicit Revulsion From ME!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYuB7P0qXo4
0:22 Those Shovel Shaped Incisors Give Away Her Asian Ancestry (See Figure 9:29 Here: http://erectuswalksamongst.us/Chap9.html As Well As Her Little Titties http://dna-explained.com/2013/02/17/thick-hair-small-boobs-shovel-shaped-teeth-and-more/). By The Way, What Did I Say About Asian/Hispanic Admixtures, Especially The Chinese/Mexican Variety? They're Usually Unattractive And Christina Is No Different. She's A Prime Example Of The Lower Attractiveness Inherent Among The Offspring Of These Interracial Unions (Their Hispanic Facial Features (Narrow Face, Long Nose) Coupled With Their Epicanthic Fold, Slanted Eyes, And Broad, Flat Make Them Look Odd And Remind ME Of John Quinones).
Stephen Holt's Sister, Like He, Is A Nigga/Flippa, And Like He, Isn't All That Attractive. In Fact, She Looks More Flip Than Anything Else. Actually, Know What She Looks Like? She Looks More Australian Aborigine Than Anything Else.
https://twitter.com/AsiaDee/status/675038994707685377
Lil Asian Ass~N~Titties Denotes Her Asian (Gook/Flip) Ancestry!
Lil Titty Typical Of Pilipinas!
http://www.amren.com/news/2008/02/race_and_physic_1/
For whatever reasons, the races do not smell the same. Blacks and whites have strong, but differing smells, and many Asians have scarcely any smell. Koreans often have no odor-producing glands in their arm-pits at all and Japanese have very few. Nineteenth-century Japanese found Europeans so foul-smelling that even today, a common Japanese expression for anything Western means “stinking of butter.”
Kristie Lu Stout Is Another Asian/Latina That Fits The Above Description (Thick Hair, Small Breasts, And Large, Shovel-Shaped Chink Teeth). She Reminds ME Of Natalie Thiem Mozaryn And I Find Her Unattractive Just As I Find Natalie Thiem Mozaryn Unattractive!
MULTIRACIAL
http://scienceblogs.com/gnxp/2007/11/26/mixedrace-but-homogeneous-appe/
http://scienceblogs.com/gnxp/2006/08/25/the-interracial-gamble/
http://scienceblogs.com/gnxp/2006/08/23/the-dangers-of-interracial-mar/
I SAID I WAS AT CHESTER'S IN 2016 WHEN I SAW THE BOY BELOW ON THE FLO! HE CAUGHT MY EYE BECAUSE HE HAD NIGGA MANNERISMS BUT LOOKED PUNJABI INDIAN OR YANOMAMO INDIAN DEPENDING ON WHAT ANGLE YOU LOOKED AT HIM. BUT NOW AFTER LOOKING AT HIS MOTHER'S TWITTER IT TURNS OUT THAT HE'S AN AMALGAMATION OF WHITE*, BLACK, AND FILIPINO GENES, WHICH EXPLAINS HIS UNUSUAL FACIAL FEATURES AND EXTRAORDINARILY STRAIGHT HAIR (THE STRAIGHT HAIR BEING A PRODUCT OF HIS MOTHER AND FATHER'S ABUNDANCE OF EUROPEAN GENES). ANYHOW, THIS IS JUST ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF THE LACK OF DISCRETION USED AMONG THE LOWER CLASSES WHEN MATING. THEY TEND NOT TO TAKE GENES INTO ACCOUNT WHEN BREEDING.
*UPDATE: I TALKED TO THE PINOY AT THE MOST RECENT REDONDO BEACH TOURNAMENT (EARLY JANUARY 2020) AND SAW HIS FATHER. THE FATHER LOOKED HISPANIC (PUERTO RICAN IN PARTICULAR, BUT HE COULD HAVE BEEN MEXICAN). SO THAT EXPLAINS HIS YANOMAMO LOOKING FACIAL FEATURES AND STRAIGHT HAIR (HIS HISPANIC GENES EXPLAIN THAT).
WHATCHU LOOKIN' AT NIGGA!!!
